Note: In this section we will not be covering all parts of Sifaat Aaridhah, additionally, other parts of sifaat aaridhah are covered on separate pages (ex. madd and waqf).
Rules of Nun and Mim
Rule of Nun and Mim Mushaddad

If nun or mim have a shaddah (مّ نّ) on top of them, they will be read with ghunnah (nasal sound). The duration of the ghunnah will be two vowel lengths.
Rules of Mim Sakin

The rules of Mim Sakin are three:

• Ikhfa – Literally means to conceal or hide. When the mim sakin is followed by a ba, ikhfa takes place. This is called ikhfa shafawi.

Ex. تَرْمِيْهِِِمْ بِحِجَارَه

• Idhgam – Literally means to assimilate. If a mim sakin is followed by another mim, then idhgam with ghunnah will take place.

Ex. كَمْ مِّن

• Idh-har – It literally means clear. If a mim sakin is followed by anyother letter besides mim and ba, then idh-har (reading clearly without ghunnah) will take place.

Ex. اَنْعَمْتَ
Rules of Nun Sakin and Tanwin

Nun Sakin and Tanwin have four rules:

• Idh-har – If nun sakin or tanwin is followed by the letters ء ه ع ح غ خ, it will be pronounced clearly without any ghunnah.

Ex. اَنْعَمْت, كُفُوًا اَحَد

• Idgham – If nun sakin or tanwin is followed by any of the letters: يَرْمَلُون then Idgham will take place.

Ex. مِنْ وَال

Note that if nun sakin or tanwin is followed by the letters ر ل then the idgham will be without ghunnah, the remaining four letters will have ghunnah.

Exception: If the nun sakin is followed by a و or ي then idh-har will take place instead of idgham.

Ex. دُنْيَا

• Iqlab – If nun sakin or tanwin is followed by a ب then ikhfa will take place with ghunnah.

Ex. مِنْ بَعْد

• Ikhfa – If nun sakin or tanwin is followed by any letter besides the letters covered in idh-har, idgham and iqlab, then ikhfa will take place with ghunnah.

Ex. اَنْفُسَكم